Modern society’s social and economic domains became severely distorted with the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. Although this was only one of the several epidemics faced by the world in the last two decades, its scale and severity were substantially more devastating compared to other pandemics such as the SARS-CoV in 2002, H1N1 influenza in 2009.
Emergance of Covid-19 has been one of the major global issues. Initially, it emerged from Wuhan city in China, and it rapidly spread all over the world (Donthu & Gustafsson, 2020, Ivanov & Dolgui, 2020; Verma & Gustafsson, 2020). Although, it has attracted much attention among practitioners, scholars, and researchers.
Economic factors like interest rate, exchange rate, inflation and economic growth have a major contribution to the trend being followed in the economic cycle. These factors are influential towards the economy because they affect the overall economy. The monetary policies set out the exchange rate and interest rate.
The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively influenced the global economy and public health. Despite governments having implemented nationwide quarantine policies and travel, the pandemic has resulted in higher mortality rates (Bou et al., 2021).Different studies have been conducted to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Manufacturing companies evolve with the technological advancement initiated through the financial performance of the company. Analysing the financial measures of the company is represented through the capital structure and financial performances leading the company toward certain advancements (Kumar et al., 2021).
The engine of growth of the contemporary world is driven by human productivity coupled with the government’s incentivisation policies for work. While rapidly growing technology-led industrialisation characterises the 21st century
The eruption of the coronavirus pandemic occurred in 2019 that has majorly affected the economies nationally and globally (Allam, Dey, and Jones, 2020). It has strictly impacted various organisations as they faced varying amounts of losses in the process (Sonobe et al., 2021). In addition, it is recognised that enterprises are facing numerous dilemmas which involve a decline in the consumer demand levels as well as other businesses,
In the past, it was the norm of companies doing unethical marketing by stating false facts and figures, exaggerating the qualities of their products and services, and claiming unverified facts like cigarette smoking gave an active lifestyle (Gupta and Srivastav, 2016).
The relationship between interest rates, inflation, and unemployment for a country has been one of the most important and highly debated subjects in policy making circles of macroeconomics (Burdeken et al., 2020). Interest rate is a key policy tool of central banks of all countries which depicts the cost of borrowing, and conversely it also represents the reward of saving capital (Agenor et al., 2018).
In the contemporary business world, innovation in terms of financial management is one of the core strategies for achieving financial sustainability and growth for any organisation. Capital structure is the method through which a company determines the right balance of stock and debt financing to maximise profits while minimising exposure to risk (Musallam et al., 2020; Khaw, 2019).
There have been several plagues and outbreaks throughout the world. The COVID-19 virus was responsible for the most recent deadly infection that has been spreading throughout society. This virus has been deemed unique due to its wide range of health effects and high infection rate. The current economic slump differs from prior ones such as Great Depression of the 1930s.
The global public authorities have responded to the economic and financial crisis of the last decade by implementing effective fiscal policy (Maşca et al., 2015). Fiscal policy is mainly targeted for short-term objectives. Unfortunately, it has been found that the long-term consideration of fiscal policy is not significant or favourable due to its collateral effects on the countries’ economic growth (Adedoyin et al., 2020).
Exports are the fundamental foundation of economic growth since they enable each nation to obtain foreign reserves, which helps it grow and expand more quickly (Bakari & Mabrouki, 2017). A nation with these foreign reserves can purchase the technologies to increase productivity. The welfare levels might also increase due to using foreign products that are either unavailable domestically or costly to create domestically (Sunde, 2017).
In the present era, the concept of CSR (i.e. corporate social responsibility) is witnessing a rising trend in different economic sectors. CSR is generally formed on a philanthropy basis to be a part of an organisation which aims to improve the productivity of the workplace and contributes towards increasing the well-being of stakeholders as well as the working environment (Raja & Guru, 2021).
Modern society’s social and economic domains became severely distorted with the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. Although this was only one of the several epidemics faced by the world in the last two decades, its scale and severity were substantially more devastating compared to other pandemics such as the SARS-CoV in 2002, H1N1 influenza in 2009.
Economic growth and unemployment have remained a major field of interest for scholars as it allows the researchers to provide suggestions for implementing the relevant economic policies and strategies that can contribute to the economic growth (Soylu, Çakmak and Okur, 2018; Ramzan, 2021;
The critical indicators that show the country’s economic performance are unemployment, inflation and economic growth. Identifying the relationship between these elements is necessary when making and applying economic policies. Inflation and unemployment have become significant issues in developing countries (Baharumshah, Slesman & Wohar, 2016).
Frugal innovation is defined as new products that are low in cost, created with methods and designs that require less cost and target the specific main feature of the product (Hossain, 2018). After the introduction of frugal innovation, many sectors like manufacturing, automobiles, food, and healthcare started working on this innovation.
Employee engagement and the factors influential on it has have become a debated and extensively enquired subject in the domain of organisational management (Anitha, 2014). While the topic is an important concern for human resource management, it is also of paramount importance from perspective of business growth and market competitive edge.
Technology is no longer a background process but a strategic area. In the same vein, millennial are inclined towards taking advantage of automation in many areas, so they tend to trigger everyday activities such as downloading email attachments, processing invoices and customer documents, or checking data (Woldeamanuel & Nguyen, 2018).
